Here you can see how I have constructed my final image by using layers, erasers, magic wand selector to select parts of grass and other difficult area to remove.

For one of my final images for the post production work, I am trying to create an advertisement campaign for milk in an ad-busters style which has a quite quirky slant to it - aimed at readers aged between 18 and 35
The images above are taken from recent campaigns for milk, using celebrity and TV endorsements, trying to connote that if one drinks the milk one will become like the TV heroes portrayed in the series "Heroes"
Milk advertisements have been around since the early eighties, promoting milk to the nation as a health giving substance
For my idea, I will use an image of a milk bottle against a white backgound - on one side there will be milk and on the other side there will be grass - connoting the idea that milk is in fact basically grass but the audience will see the image as one as it will be blended in together. For an ironic twist, my title will be "Keep off the Grass" or "Kep on the Grass"


Q: To make a gallon of milk, a cow needs to drink how much water?
A: To make 9 gallons of milk a day, a cow must drink 18 gallons of fresh, clean water (2 gallons of water for every gallon of milk). Q: How long is a cow’s gestation period, and how much does a calf weigh at birth?
A: The gestation period for a cow is the same as humans — 9 months. A newborn calf weighs approximately80-100 pounds. Jerseys are quite a bit smaller and are usually 40-60 pounds at birth. Q: How many hours a day does a cow chew her cud?
A: A cow chews her cud from 6 to 8 hours each day. Q: What kinds of cows produce milk?
A: The large, black and white Holstein is the most common. Other breeds include Guernseys, Jerseys, Brown Swiss, Ayrshires, and Milking Shorthorns. At Red Oak Hill Farm, we have mostly Holstein and Jersey cows with a few Shorthorn and Brown Swiss. Q: What does a cow weigh?
A: When a Holstein cow is milking, she weighs between 1,100 and 1,500 pounds. A Jersey cow weighs between 700 and 1,000 pounds. Q:How can you tell cows apart?
A: A Holstein’s spots are like a fingerprint or a snowflake. No two cows have exactly the same pattern of spots. Q: Can all cows make milk?
A: The cow must be a mother before she will produce milk. A newborn Holstein calf weighs about 100 pounds and can walk within one hour after birth! Q: What is a heifer?
A: A one year old female calf is called a heifer. She weighs between 450 and 500 pounds. Q: Why do some cows look like they have earrings?
A: Milk cows usually have their ears pierced with I.D. tags. Each cow has a different number that allows the dairy farmer to track her activities by computer or chart. The cow’s milk weight is recorded in the computer/chart as well as any medicines she receives. Q: Do cows have special teeth for eating grass?
A: Cow’s teeth are different from ours. On the top front, cows have a tough pad of skin instead of teeth. They have 8 incisors on the bottom front and 6 strong molars on the top and bottom of each side to grind their food. Cows have a total of 32 teeth. Q: How many stomachs does a cow have?
A: Some people say that a cow has four stomachs. Actually, a cow has one stomach with four compartments. Q: What’s all this about chewing cud?
A: Ruminants regurgitate their food and chew cud. (Cows are ruminants.) It helps them get the most out of difficult-to-digest foods like grass. A cow spends a lot of time eating – up to 8 hours per day. Q: How many glasses of milk are produced each day by an average cow?
A: The average cow produces 90 glasses of milk a day. Q: How long does it take from the time milk leaves the cow until it reaches the grocery store?A: It takes about 2 days for milk to go from the cow to the grocery store. At the grocery store, milk is kept refrigerated at 40 degrees or lower. Q: Why is milk white?
A: Milk contains Casein. It’s the milk protein that is rich in calcium and it is white. The cream in milk has some fat which is also white. Its presence in the milk makes the milk whiter. Low and non-fat milk has less cream and may appear less white. Our eyes see white because some objects do not absorb very much light. They reflect the light. Objects that are blue, for instance, reflect only blue light and absorb the other colors of light in the spectrum. The molecules that make up Casein and creme reflect light. That’s why milk is white. Q: Why is most milk homogenized, pasteurized and fortified?
A: Almost all milk is pasteurized, homogenized and fortified. Pasteurized milk has been treated with heat to kill any germs. Homogenized milks are mixed so the cream and water don’t separate. Milk is fortified with vitamin D (and vitamin A for lowfat and skim milk) to make it even more healthful. Everyone needs these vitamins, and since almost everyone drinks milk, its a great way for people to get them. Q: What’s the difference between the different kinds of milk?
A: Whole Milk is 3.5% milkfat, which is why it tastes so delicious and has a rich, creamy texture. After babies stop drinking mother’s milk, they usually drink whole milk until they are at least two years old. The fatty acids in whole milk are important to the development of the brain and the nervous system. 2% Lowfat Milk has the benefits of less milkfat, but still tastes great. It is fortified with skim milk and has 10 grams of protein per cup. Two percent milk is almost as popular as whole milk. 1% Lowfat Milk is made by reducing the milkfat content even more. Like two percent milk, it is fortified with skim milk, making it vitamin and mineral rich. One percent milk is great for people on diets and women and girls who want a concentrated source of calcium in a delicious drink. Skim Milk, also called nonfat milk, is one of the most nutrient-dense foods of all. It has as much fat as possible removed, less than ½ gram per serving, and 45% less calories than whole milk. Yet skim milk still supplies all of the nutrients of whole milk. Buttermilk, despite its name, is typically made from nonfat or lowfat milk. It is a cultured sour milk made by adding certain organisms to sweet milk. It is very popular in cooking. How about some buttermilk biscuits or buttermilk pancakes or… Chocolate Milk is milk plus cocoa and sweeteners. It is usually made from lowfat or nonfat milk. The chocolate doesn’t add any fat, just calories (about 60) and a little caffeine (about 5 mg per cup, the same amount in a cup of decaf coffee). Acidophilus Milk is made by adding a live bacterial culture to milk after pasteurization. It is easier to digest for some people. Q: How long after purchase will milk keep in the refrigerator?
A: The shelf life of milk is affected by several factors including how the product was handled before it reaches the consumer. When stored at 40 degrees Fahrenheit and not left unrefrigerated for extended periods, it should last approximately 7 days past the sell-by date on the container. Q:How many pounds of milk does it take to make 1 gallon of ice cream? How many pounds of milk does it take to make 1 pound of cheese?
A: It takes 12 pounds of milk to make 1 gallon of ice cream. It takes 10 pounds of milk to make 1 pound of cheese. (1 quart of milk weighs 2.15 pounds) Q: Is unpasteurized (raw) milk more nutritious than pasteurized milk?
A: Since the turn of the century, raw milk has been pasteurized to destroy microorganisms that may enter milk accidentally from environmental and human sources. Nearly all milk marketed in the U.S. is pasteurized. Pasteurization has either no or practically no effect on milk’s major nutrients such as protein, calcium and, riboflavin. A minimal reduction in some vitamins such as thiamin (B12), and C in pasteurized milk has been reported. It is still a good source of these vitamins. Some people feel that raw milk’s nutrients are destroyed by pasteurization, but there is no scientific evidence that raw milk is more nutritious than pasteurized milk. The U.S. Department of Agriculture applies the same nutrient value to raw and pasteurized milk.

For this image, I was trying to create a version of one of the most iconic album sleeves of the 20th Century - "Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Heart's Club Band" The Grammy Award-winning album packaging was created by art director Robert Fraser, mostly in collaboration with McCartney, designed by Peter Blake, his wife Jane Haworth, and photographed by Michael Cooper. It featured a colourful collage of life-sized cardboard models of famous people on the front of the album cover and lyrics printed on the back cover.
At the time, this was quite controversial due to the individuals who they chose to feature in the picture.
I found an original dark room print of the entire royal family at the Queen's coronation and noticing that some of the people shown on the photograph were not looking at the camera but glancing in various sideways directions, I had the idea of placing different people into the photograph so it might appear that the people glancing sideways were actually noticing these people who should not be there. The people I chose to add to the photograph were all iconic figures from British history - for instance, Winston Churchill making the "Victory V" sign, Neville Chamberlain waving his paper resolution to commit to peaceful methods signed by both Hitler and himself on his return from MunichMargaret Thatcher in her "Iron Lady" guise. As well as iconic political figures such as these, I also included John Lennon, Ringo Starr and Kate Moss from the world of show business.

Production Stages - Scan in image at 2500 and a half DPI which created a 1.5 GB Tiff file
2 Stage 2 - Gather images from the internet and scan these in
Stage 3 - Increase the pixel size of found images to create better resolution for the overall image
Using the Pentel, copy around the images
Stage 4 - paste new images onto the main background, making sure that changing the scale of the actual person matches the background
Step 5 - Some of the images I found that I wanted to use were in colour so i had to change these into black and white.
Step 6 - I had to change the sharpness using gorge and blur to match the background image so the added images did not appear too sharp and obviously superimposed.
Step 7 -As you can see from the screen grab, I had to change the selective colours

Evaluation -
I am very happy with the overall outcome of the photograph I created, but matching the monochrome tones to the background was extremely difficult and did not always work as well as I had hoped.

For this series of images, I was investigating the idea of identity and guts for women
The contents of your pockets say an awful lot about you and how you live in society
By emptying my pockets I found all these objects that I scanned in
Then, using a portrait that I took, with a magic eraser I deleted part of the face and copied and pasted it onto the portrait, thus creating a new layer to make up the final image.
Problems
- I could have used more advanced tecniques and photoshop to blend the images together better but however I feel that this way is possibly better as it stands out to the audience

In this shot, I used a camera on a tripod and a wireless flash to keep the shadows exactly the same
Stage One - Upload the first image
Stage Two - With the next shot, select only the person and the floor and copy and paste this onto the first image to create a new layer. Then with the eraser tool, erase any of the background
and keep doing this with every single shot to create the final image.

An advertisement campaign from Zurich. This is a good example of post production merging two photographs into one

Here, I have tried to replicate this style of photograph using photoshop by layering two images into one. One black and white and one colour, placing them on top of each other in layers and then using the eraser tool to remove part of the top layer using a special splat tool to create the effect that someone has just spilt ink or water colour paint onto the photograph.

My inspiration for my photograph of the moon came from this series of advertizing campaigns that I found in volumes in "Archive" magazine. The first photograph is very simple as they have used very simple techniques of cutting and pasting a silhouette for which no special lighting was needed so this was in fact exceedingly simple,

The next images are from a campaign for the WWF to show the destruction of the rain forests. It is a very clever photographic advertisement and a very powerful image as the construction of a leaf is very similar to the manmade construction of towns and cities. The roads and rivers are positioned like the veins on a leaf. Contextually there is great symbolic meaning.

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Another advertisement campaign from the BBC for its worldwide news stations. A very simple collage shot of the continents on a map which is quite difficult to see as it takes some time to work out the information presented but nevertheless it is a very powerful campaign.


My idea of the reflected eye came from several advertisements using eyes, mirrors and other objects with reflections within them in order to tell the story of the campaign. This is a very simple idea but very complicated to replicate as the reflections have to be lit just the same and the reflections of the surfaces must be replicated also. This is a very powerful campaign as the photographs themselves stand out very well as it would not normally be seen in the real world. The results are very realistic

For the task of using two different images in order to create a totally new one I chose to use the eye and tried to replicate some of the ideas of reflections inside objects. For the final set of images I chose to use a photograph of the Leeds International Pool drained out. I took this on film which had to be scanned in, high quality at 400DPI to match the quality of the digital and therefore to be blown up further.
The same process of production was used in the earth/moon as one may see from the screen grabs




Here are the final images I produced in the series showing reflections within eyes and the use of layers, feather tools and cloning. Also, some of the reflected images had to be scanned in on the film scanner at 4500DPI in order to create fine quality

This photograph here shows an explosion in his eyes - maybe connoting the sense of the creation of an idea or the complete annhilation of it for the eyes are known as the windows to our souls
A creation of two images - one of the shots of the sun was shot at 8000th of a second showing the sun properly as the light is in a strobe. The photograph was layered on top of the other and an eraser tool was used to blend the two images together on a feathered setting.




An image of the eye using cutting and cloning tools in order to create a surreal photograph of an eye with no pupil.

For this series of images I was trying to create an image of the moon and the earth merged into one to create a shot of the moon with the earth's surface incorporated within the sphere of the moon - an idea inspired by the fact that the moon was actually a part of the earth millions of years ago before an asteroid hit the earth and broke of a large piece which is now a natural satellite that we know as our moon.
In shooting the photograph of the moon I used a telephoto lens 400mm taken on a shutter speed of 5 seconds and an aperture of 11
The photograph of the earth I took from a web site but I had to find the correct colour variations to merge with my moon as it is very grey and a very blue one would not be correct.

Step one - here we see how I copied and pasted the earth's shot using a circular selector but I had to apply a feathering on it in modify setting it to 100 pixels to create a dissolved cut

Step two - copy the selected area and paste it into the moon shot which will create a new layer. Make sure it is on top of the moon.

Step three - move the earth over the moon and then use a scaling tool to scale it down to the right size.

stage four - use an eraser tool, setting it on dissolve and change the opacity to 30. Using this, delete the sea and parts of the earth to show through the craters of the moon on the layer behind it.

The overall effect has blended very well and created a truly subtle shot.

A series of photographs showing how images may be changed with CS3 in scaling and downsizing
showing the capabilities of raw format and its abilities to change the colour balance completely

The use of post production in photography is not a new phenomenon. In fact. the earliest photographers , such as Man Ray, used dark room processes to create entirely new images from original photographs. Shots taken using multiple layers are created when the negative is exposed more than once.

A photograph I took is shown here. It was taken on 6 by 7 medium format camera with a 37ml fisheye lens which causes even more distortion. A photograph of a war memorial close up and then another photograph of the same memorial showing its location

A photo montage produced in CS3. The photograph that I first took shows the CCTV tower. I inverted the colour band into infra red heat artistic style with filters and then, once I had the final image, I cut out the cameras and duplicated them three times AS well as this, I took another photograph of eyes and layered them on top of the camera lenses but the photograph I had to put through the filters in the same way

On the left hand side you can see how I constructed the image through layering

The overall image that I was trying to replicate connoting the very controversial issue of state power and surveillance in which UK citizens live these days for the UK has more cameras per square mile than anywhere else in the world so that whenever one leaves one's home in the UK one is likely to be filmed on CCTV more than 10 times before one returns
. The adding of the eyes connotes "Big Brother" and paranoia

Here is some experimental photoshop with the use of art filters to try to make the photograph stand out even more. I feel this has been successful as the original was quite dull and boring due to the lack of light and colour to be seen on the day the shot was taken in the park